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Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
(1889)

Downloading books is available only for authorized users

Downloading books is available only for authorized users

Twilight of the Idols Or, How to Philosophize with the Hammer Putlarin Alacakaranligi

Foreword Önsöz
It’s no small trick to preserve your cheerfulness in the midst of a gloomy matter which is loaded with inordinate responsibility. Yet what could be more necessary than cheerfulness? Nothing goes right unless exuberance plays a part in it. Overabundance of strength is the only proof of strength[1]. A revaluation of all values, this question mark so black, so monstrous that it casts a shadow on the one who poses it—such a fateful task forces one to run out into the sun at every moment, to shake off a heavy seriousness that has become all too heavy. Every means is right for this, every “case” is a lucky break[2]. Above all, war. War has always been the great cleverness of all spirits who have become too inward, too deep; even wounds can have the power to heal. A saying whose source I withhold from scholarly curiosity has long been my motto: increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus[3].

Another way to recover, which under certain circumstances I like even better, is sounding out idols . . . There are more idols than realities in the world: that’s my “evil eye” on this world, and my “evil ear” too . . . To pose questions here with a hammer for once, and maybe to hear in reply that well-known hollow tone which tells of bloated innards—how delightful for one who has ears even behind his ears—for me the old psychologist and pied piper, in whose presence precisely what would like to stay quiet has to speak up . . .
This book too—the title gives it away—is above all a recovery, a sunny spot, a sidestep into a psychologist’s idleness[4]. Maybe a new war as well?

And are new idols sounded out? . . . This little book is a great declaration of war, and as for sounding out idols, this time they are not just idols of the age, but eternal idols that are touched here with the hammer as with a tuning fork—there aren’t any older idols at all, none more assured, none more inflated . . . And none more hollow . . . That doesn’t stop them from being the ones that are believed in the most—and, especially in the most prominent case, they aren’t called idols at all . . .

Turin, September 30, 1888, on the day when the first book of the Revaluation of All Values was finished[5].
Friedrich Nietzsche

[1] Nietzsche often uses the expression “proof of strength,” which derives from I Cor. 2:4.
[2] Jeder “Fall” ein Glücksfall probably an allusion to Nietzsche’s previous book, The Case of Wagner (1888).
[3] “With a wound, spirits soar and virtue thrives.” “Virtue” in the classical sense refers to excellence a healthy, strong, peak condition. Nietzsche uses the word “virtue” (Tugend) in this sense, for example, in the first section of “What the Germans Are Missing” and in §45 of “Raids of an Untimely Man,” below. Curious scholars have traced the source of Nietzsche’s motto: the poet Furius of Antium, quoted in Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights XVIII, 11, 4.
[4] A Psychologist’s Idleness was Nietzsche’s original title for this book; with the encouragement of his friend Peter Gast, he changed the title shortly before the book went to press, but this reference survived. The new title, Götzen-Dämmerung (Twilight of the Idols), is a pun on Wagner’s Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods).
[5] The Antichrist (published 1895). In an “Edict Against Christianity,” which Nietzsche considered using as the last page of The Antichrist, he describes the day on which he finished that book as follows: “the day of salvation, the first day of the Year One in the false calendar, September 30, 1888.”

Karanlık ve ölçülerin üzerinde sorumluluk gerektiren bir davanın ortasında neşesini korumak, hiç de azımsanmayacak bir meziyettir: üstelik, neşeden daha gerekli ne vardır? Delice neşeden payını almamış hiçbir şey başarıya ulaşmaz. Ancak güç fazlasıdır, gücün kanıtı. — Tüm değerlerin bir yeniden değerlendirilişi, bu soru işareti öyle kara öyle devasadır ki, gölge salar, onu koyanın üstüne — böyle bir görev yazgısı zorlar her an, güneşe koşmaya, çok ağırlaşmış bir ciddiyeti üstünden silkip atmaya. Her yol mubahtır bunun için, her "vaka" bir mutluluk vakasıdır. Özellikle de savaş. Savaş her zaman büyük akıllılığıydı çok manevileşmiş, çok derinleşmiş tinlerin; yaralanmada bile iyileştirici bir güç vardır hâlâ. Kaynağını, bilginlerin merakından sakladığım bir söz, çoktandır sloganım olmuştu:

Increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus.[1]

Duruma göre daha çok tercih ettiğim bir başka iyileşme de, putları yoklamaktır... Gerçekliklerden fazla put var dünyada: budur benim "kötü bakışım" bu dünyaya, benim "kötü kulağım"dır aynı zamanda... Burada bir kez çekiçle sorular sormak ve belki, yanıt olarak o ünlü içi boş sesi dinlemek, o şişkin barsaklardan geleni — nasıl da çekicidir bu, kulaklarının ardında da kulakları olan biri için — tam da sessiz kalmak isteyenin, karşısında yüksek sesli olması gerektiği,eski bir psikolog ve fareli köyün kavalcısı olan benim için...

Bu yazı da — başlığı ele veriyor ya — her şeyden önce bir dinlenme, bir güneş lekesi, bir psikologun tembelliğine kaçmaktır. Belki yeni bir savaştır da? Yeni putlar da yoklanacak mı?.. Bu küçük yazı bir büyük savaş ilanıdır; putları yoklamaya gelince, burada bir diyapozonla dokunur gibi çekiçle dokunulacak olanlar, bu defa çağın putları değil ezeli putlardır, — bunlardan daha eski, daha ikna olunmuş, daha şişirilmiş putlar yoktur kesinlikle... Yoktur, daha içi boş olanları da... Kendilerine en çok inanılmış putlar olmalarını engellemez bu durum; üstelik, en seçkin örnekte bile, kesinlikle put denilmez onlara...

Torino, 30 Eylül 1888,

Tüm Değerlerin Yeniden Değerlendirilişi'nin
ilk kitabının[2] bittiği gün.

FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE

[1] Increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus (Lat.): Tek bir yara, maneviyatı derinlefltirir, erdemleri gelifltirir. Furius Antias, Aulus Gellius, 18, 11, 4. (ç.n.)
[2] Deccal"den söz ediliyor. (ç.n.)

clever: When someone is clever, they can solve a hard puzzle or problem.
moment: A moment is a second or a very short time.
moment: A moment is a second or a very short time.
reply: To reply is to give an answer or say back to someone.
trick: A trick is something you do to fool another person.
well: You use well to say that something was done in a good way.
evil: Evil describes something or someone bad or cruel, not good.
ever: Ever means at any time.
none: None means not any of someone or something.
shake: To shake is to move back and forth or up and down quickly.
force: Force is a person’s strength or power.
lay: To lay means to put or place in a horizontal or flat position.
necessary: If something is necessary, you must do it.
step: To step is to walk.
certain: If you are certain about something, you know it is true.
serious: When something is serious, it is bad or unsafe.
thin: If someone or something is thin, they are not fat.
owe: To owe is to have to pay or give back something received from another.
spot: A spot is a place where something happens.
flat: Flat describes something that is level and smooth with no curved parts.
maybe: Maybe is used to show that something is possible or may be true.
lie: To lie is to say or write something untrue to deceive someone.
real: If something is real, it actually exists.
serve: To serve someone is to give them food or drinks.
war: A war is a big fight between two groups of people.
behind: Behind means to be at the back of something.
sound: To sound means to make a noise.
cheer: To cheer is to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement.
lack: If there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it.
task: A task is work that someone has to do.
value: If something has value, it is worth a lot of money.
own: To own something means to have it. That thing belongs to you.
mean: Mean describes someone who is unkind or cruel.
rich: If you are rich, you have a lot of money.
strength: Strength is the physical power that you have.
above: If something is above, it is at a higher level than something else.

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Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1889)

Downloading books is available only for authorized users
Downloading books is available only for authorized users
Twilight of the Idols Or, How to Philosophize with the Hammer		Putlarin Alacakaranligi
Foreword		Önsöz
It’s no small trick to preserve your cheerfulness in the midst of a gloomy matter which is loaded with inordinate responsibility. Yet what could be more necessary than cheerfulness? Nothing goes right unless exuberance plays a part in it. Overabundance of strength is the only proof of strength[1]. A revaluation of all values, this question mark so black, so monstrous that it casts a shadow on the one who poses it—such a fateful task forces one to run out into the sun at every moment, to shake off a heavy seriousness that has become all too heavy. Every means is right for this, every “case” is a lucky break[2]. Above all, war. War has always been the great cleverness of all spirits who have become too inward, too deep; even wounds can have the power to heal. A saying whose source I withhold from scholarly curiosity has long been my motto: increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus[3]. Another way to recover, which under certain circumstances I like even better, is sounding out idols . . . There are more idols than realities in the world: that’s my “evil eye” on this world, and my “evil ear” too . . . To pose questions here with a hammer for once, and maybe to hear in reply that well-known hollow tone which tells of bloated innards—how delightful for one who has ears even behind his ears—for me the old psychologist and pied piper, in whose presence precisely what would like to stay quiet has to speak up . . . This book too—the title gives it away—is above all a recovery, a sunny spot, a sidestep into a psychologist’s idleness[4]. Maybe a new war as well? And are new idols sounded out? . . . This little book is a great declaration of war, and as for sounding out idols, this time they are not just idols of the age, but eternal idols that are touched here with the hammer as with a tuning fork—there aren’t any older idols at all, none more assured, none more inflated . . . And none more hollow . . . That doesn’t stop them from being the ones that are believed in the most—and, especially in the most prominent case, they aren’t called idols at all . . . Turin, September 30, 1888, on the day when the first book of the Revaluation of All Values was finished[5]. Friedrich Nietzsche [1] Nietzsche often uses the expression “proof of strength,” which derives from I Cor. 2:4. [2] Jeder “Fall” ein Glücksfall probably an allusion to Nietzsche’s previous book, The Case of Wagner (1888). [3] “With a wound, spirits soar and virtue thrives.” “Virtue” in the classical sense refers to excellence a healthy, strong, peak condition. Nietzsche uses the word “virtue” (Tugend) in this sense, for example, in the first section of “What the Germans Are Missing” and in §45 of “Raids of an Untimely Man,” below. Curious scholars have traced the source of Nietzsche’s motto: the poet Furius of Antium, quoted in Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights XVIII, 11, 4. [4] A Psychologist’s Idleness was Nietzsche’s original title for this book; with the encouragement of his friend Peter Gast, he changed the title shortly before the book went to press, but this reference survived. The new title, Götzen-Dämmerung (Twilight of the Idols), is a pun on Wagner’s Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods). [5] The Antichrist (published 1895). In an “Edict Against Christianity,” which Nietzsche considered using as the last page of The Antichrist, he describes the day on which he finished that book as follows: “the day of salvation, the first day of the Year One in the false calendar, September 30, 1888.”		Karanlık ve ölçülerin üzerinde sorumluluk gerektiren bir davanın ortasında neşesini korumak, hiç de azımsanmayacak bir meziyettir: üstelik, neşeden daha gerekli ne vardır? Delice neşeden payını almamış hiçbir şey başarıya ulaşmaz. Ancak güç fazlasıdır, gücün kanıtı. — Tüm değerlerin bir yeniden değerlendirilişi, bu soru işareti öyle kara öyle devasadır ki, gölge salar, onu koyanın üstüne — böyle bir görev yazgısı zorlar her an, güneşe koşmaya, çok ağırlaşmış bir ciddiyeti üstünden silkip atmaya. Her yol mubahtır bunun için, her "vaka" bir mutluluk vakasıdır. Özellikle de savaş. Savaş her zaman büyük akıllılığıydı çok manevileşmiş, çok derinleşmiş tinlerin; yaralanmada bile iyileştirici bir güç vardır hâlâ. Kaynağını, bilginlerin merakından sakladığım bir söz, çoktandır sloganım olmuştu: Increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus.[1] Duruma göre daha çok tercih ettiğim bir başka iyileşme de, putları yoklamaktır... Gerçekliklerden fazla put var dünyada: budur benim "kötü bakışım" bu dünyaya, benim "kötü kulağım"dır aynı zamanda... Burada bir kez çekiçle sorular sormak ve belki, yanıt olarak o ünlü içi boş sesi dinlemek, o şişkin barsaklardan geleni — nasıl da çekicidir bu, kulaklarının ardında da kulakları olan biri için — tam da sessiz kalmak isteyenin, karşısında yüksek sesli olması gerektiği,eski bir psikolog ve fareli köyün kavalcısı olan benim için... Bu yazı da — başlığı ele veriyor ya — her şeyden önce bir dinlenme, bir güneş lekesi, bir psikologun tembelliğine kaçmaktır. Belki yeni bir savaştır da? Yeni putlar da yoklanacak mı?.. Bu küçük yazı bir büyük savaş ilanıdır; putları yoklamaya gelince, burada bir diyapozonla dokunur gibi çekiçle dokunulacak olanlar, bu defa çağın putları değil ezeli putlardır, — bunlardan daha eski, daha ikna olunmuş, daha şişirilmiş putlar yoktur kesinlikle... Yoktur, daha içi boş olanları da... Kendilerine en çok inanılmış putlar olmalarını engellemez bu durum; üstelik, en seçkin örnekte bile, kesinlikle put denilmez onlara... Torino, 30 Eylül 1888, Tüm Değerlerin Yeniden Değerlendirilişi'nin ilk kitabının[2] bittiği gün. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE [1] Increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus (Lat.): Tek bir yara, maneviyatı derinlefltirir, erdemleri gelifltirir. Furius Antias, Aulus Gellius, 18, 11, 4. (ç.n.) [2] Deccal"den söz ediliyor. (ç.n.)
clever: When someone is clever, they can solve a hard puzzle or problem. moment: A moment is a second or a very short time. moment: A moment is a second or a very short time. reply: To reply is to give an answer or say back to someone. trick: A trick is something you do to fool another person. well: You use well to say that something was done in a good way. evil: Evil describes something or someone bad or cruel, not good. ever: Ever means at any time. none: None means not any of someone or something. shake: To shake is to move back and forth or up and down quickly. force: Force is a person’s strength or power. lay: To lay means to put or place in a horizontal or flat position. necessary: If something is necessary, you must do it. step: To step is to walk. certain: If you are certain about something, you know it is true. serious: When something is serious, it is bad or unsafe. thin: If someone or something is thin, they are not fat. owe: To owe is to have to pay or give back something received from another. spot: A spot is a place where something happens. flat: Flat describes something that is level and smooth with no curved parts. maybe: Maybe is used to show that something is possible or may be true. lie: To lie is to say or write something untrue to deceive someone. real: If something is real, it actually exists. serve: To serve someone is to give them food or drinks. war: A war is a big fight between two groups of people. behind: Behind means to be at the back of something. sound: To sound means to make a noise. cheer: To cheer is to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement. lack: If there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it. task: A task is work that someone has to do. value: If something has value, it is worth a lot of money. own: To own something means to have it. That thing belongs to you. mean: Mean describes someone who is unkind or cruel. rich: If you are rich, you have a lot of money. strength: Strength is the physical power that you have. above: If something is above, it is at a higher level than something else.

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