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Götzen-Dämmerung oder Wie man mit dem Hammer philosophirt
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche
(1889)

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Twilight of the Idols Or, How to Philosophize with the Hammer Сумерки идолов, или как философствуют молотом
ForewordПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
It’s no small trick to preserve your cheerfulness in the midst of a gloomy matter which is loaded with inordinate responsibility. Yet what could be more necessary than cheerfulness? Nothing goes right unless exuberance plays a part in it. Overabundance of strength is the only proof of strength[1]. A revaluation of all values, this question mark so black, so monstrous that it casts a shadow on the one who poses it—such a fateful task forces one to run out into the sun at every moment, to shake off a heavy seriousness that has become all too heavy. Every means is right for this, every “case” is a lucky break[2]. Above all, war. War has always been the great cleverness of all spirits who have become too inward, too deep; even wounds can have the power to heal. A saying whose source I withhold from scholarly curiosity has long been my motto: increscunt animi, virescit volnere virtus[3].

Another way to recover, which under certain circumstances I like even better, is sounding out idols . . . There are more idols than realities in the world: that’s my “evil eye” on this world, and my “evil ear” too . . . To pose questions here with a hammer for once, and maybe to hear in reply that well-known hollow tone which tells of bloated innards—how delightful for one who has ears even behind his ears—for me the old psychologist and pied piper, in whose presence precisely what would like to stay quiet has to speak up . . .
This book too—the title gives it away—is above all a recovery, a sunny spot, a sidestep into a psychologist’s idleness[4]. Maybe a new war as well?

And are new idols sounded out? . . . This little book is a great declaration of war, and as for sounding out idols, this time they are not just idols of the age, but eternal idols that are touched here with the hammer as with a tuning fork—there aren’t any older idols at all, none more assured, none more inflated . . . And none more hollow . . . That doesn’t stop them from being the ones that are believed in the most—and, especially in the most prominent case, they aren’t called idols at all . . .

Turin, September 30, 1888, on the day when the first book of the Revaluation of All Values was finished[5].
Friedrich Nietzsche

[1] Nietzsche often uses the expression “proof of strength,” which derives from I Cor. 2:4.
[2] Jeder “Fall” ein Glücksfall probably an allusion to Nietzsche’s previous book, The Case of Wagner (1888).
[3] “With a wound, spirits soar and virtue thrives.” “Virtue” in the classical sense refers to excellence a healthy, strong, peak condition. Nietzsche uses the word “virtue” (Tugend) in this sense, for example, in the first section of “What the Germans Are Missing” and in §45 of “Raids of an Untimely Man,” below. Curious scholars have traced the source of Nietzsche’s motto: the poet Furius of Antium, quoted in Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights XVIII, 11, 4.
[4] A Psychologist’s Idleness was Nietzsche’s original title for this book; with the encouragement of his friend Peter Gast, he changed the title shortly before the book went to press, but this reference survived. The new title, Götzen-Dämmerung (Twilight of the Idols), is a pun on Wagner’s Götterdämmerung (Twilight of the Gods).
[5] The Antichrist (published 1895). In an “Edict Against Christianity,” which Nietzsche considered using as the last page of The Antichrist, he describes the day on which he finished that book as follows: “the day of salvation, the first day of the Year One in the false calendar, September 30, 1888.”

Сохранять веселость в мрачном и чрезмерно ответственном деле не малый фокус; а что же тут нужнее веселости? Ни одна вещь не удается, если в ней не принимает участия задор.
Излишек силы только и есть доказательство силы. — Переоценка всех ценностей, этот вопросительный знак, столь черный, столь чудовищный, что он бросает тень на того, кто его ставит, — такая роковая задача вынуждает каждое мгновение выбегать на солнце, стряхивать с себя ставшую тяжелой, слишком тяжелой серьезность. Тут хорошо всякое средство, тут всякий “случай” — счастливый случай. Прежде всего война. Война была всегда великим благоразумием слишком ушедших в себя, ставших слишком глубокими умов; даже полученная рана заключает в себе целебную силу. Изречение, происхождение которого я утаю от ученого любопытства, было издавна моей любимой поговоркой:
Increscunt animi, viresciyy volnere virtus.

Другое выздоравливание, при случае более желательное для меня, есть выслеживание идолов… В мире больше идолов, чем реальностей: это мой “злой взгляд” на этот мир, это также мое “злое ухо”… Тут задавать вопросы молотом и, быть может, услышать в ответ тот знаменитый глухой тон, который говорит о вспученных внутренностях, — какой это восторг для человека, имеющего за ушами еще уши, — для меня, старого психолога и крысолова, перед которым должно звучать то именно, что хотело бы пребывать в безмолвии…
Также и настоящее сочинение — заглавие выдает это — есть прежде всего отдых, солнечное пят но, прыжок в сторону, в праздность психолога, Быть может, также новая война? И будут выслежены новые идолы?… Это маленькое сочинение есть великое объявление войны; что же касается выслеживания идолов, то на сей раз это не временные, а вечные идолы, к которым я здесь прикасаюсь молотом, как камертоном, — не существует вообще более старых, более уверенных, более надутых идолов… А также более пустых…
Это не препятствует тому, что в них больше всего верят; да и говорят, особенно в важнейшем случае, отнюдь не идолы…
Фридрих Ницше
Турин, 30 сентября 1888 г
В день, когда была окончена первая книга
Переоценки всех ценностей


  • clever: When someone is clever, they can solve a hard puzzle or problem.
  • moment: A moment is a second or a very short time.
  • moment: A moment is a second or a very short time.
  • reply: To reply is to give an answer or say back to someone.
  • trick: A trick is something you do to fool another person.
  • well: You use well to say that something was done in a good way.
  • evil: Evil describes something or someone bad or cruel, not good.
  • ever: Ever means at any time.
  • none: None means not any of someone or something.
  • shake: To shake is to move back and forth or up and down quickly.
  • force: Force is a person’s strength or power.
  • lay: To lay means to put or place in a horizontal or flat position.
  • necessary: If something is necessary, you must do it.
  • step: To step is to walk.
  • certain: If you are certain about something, you know it is true.
  • serious: When something is serious, it is bad or unsafe.
  • thin: If someone or something is thin, they are not fat.
  • owe: To owe is to have to pay or give back something received from another.
  • spot: A spot is a place where something happens.
  • flat: Flat describes something that is level and smooth with no curved parts.
  • maybe: Maybe is used to show that something is possible or may be true.
  • lie: To lie is to say or write something untrue to deceive someone.
  • real: If something is real, it actually exists.
  • serve: To serve someone is to give them food or drinks.
  • war: A war is a big fight between two groups of people.
  • behind: Behind means to be at the back of something.
  • sound: To sound means to make a noise.
  • cheer: To cheer is to give a loud shout of approval or encouragement.
  • lack: If there is a lack of something, there is not enough of it.
  • task: A task is work that someone has to do.
  • value: If something has value, it is worth a lot of money.
  • own: To own something means to have it. That thing belongs to you.
  • mean: Mean describes someone who is unkind or cruel.
  • rich: If you are rich, you have a lot of money.
  • strength: Strength is the physical power that you have.
  • above: If something is above, it is at a higher level than something else.


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